Atmospheric nitrogen fixation is a process in which the soil bacteria convert the atmospheric nitrogen into a form nitrate or ammonia that can be used by the plants for their growth and development.
- In atmosphere the nitrogen is available in the gaseous form (N₂) which cannot be used by the plants directly instead it is required to be converted into ammonia or nitrate that can easily be absorbed by the green plants.
- The green plants develop symbiotic association with soil bacteria like Cyanobacteria, Anabaena, Rhizobium, and Nostoc.
- In return the plant offers nourishment to the bacteria.
- Due to this association a root nodule structure is formed in plant which helps in transfer of food and nitrogen compounds between plant and bacteria.
Hence, atmospheric nitrogen fixation helps in growth and development of plants as nitrogen is the chief component of biomolecules like genetic material and proteins necessary for the growth.
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