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William is taking part in an experiment. William is instructed to tickle his own nose, and as a result, he is about to sneeze. Before he sneezes, a research assistant shines a light in his eyes. After many repetitions of this behavior, when the research assistant shines a light in his eyes, William feels like he has to sneeze.






What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in this scenario?



A

William tickling his own nose


B

William sneezing


C

the light


D

the researcher’s presence