Answer:
C) fell into violence along political and religious lines.
Explanation:
A Mandate is a political system in which a colonial power has authority over foreign territory, forming a geopolitical entity. After WWI and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the UK and France accorded to divide the Middle East among them. The UK established the Mandate for Palestine, that encompassed current Israel, Palestinian territories, and Jordan, while France established the Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. These mandate systems ended after WWII, and the new states of Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel were established in these territories.
On one hand, the new Arab states lacked a strong infrastructure, and therefore violence among different groups with opposing ideologies arose. Salafis with a strong religious view wanted to create confessional states, while the more secular socialist Pan-Arab parties wanted to unite the Arab nations under a secular organization. In order to avoid the violent clash between these groups, in the following years, military dictatorships took over throughout this region.
On the other hand, following the UN partition of Palestine, in the new state of Israel, a perpetual state of conflict arose with Palestinian groups, that claimed the sovereignty over the territory in order to establish a Palestinian state.
