1. “What is the problem, Trong?” Ms. Spitfire asked.
   
   
2. “When is this grammar going to get exciting?”
   
   
3. “Are you saying that you do not like grammar?” asked Ms. Spitfire, who was getting ready to spit fire.
   
   
4. “Oh, no, Ms. Spitfire. You know that grammar was always my favorite subject, and you have always been my favorite teacher.”
   
   

What are the helping verbs in these sentences.