1. Compared to women in agricultural civilizations, women in pastoral societies before the 16th century
   

ADid not engage in productive labor

BHad no domestic responsibilities

CEnjoyed a greater role in public life

DCould not marry or divorce

1. Some scholars have argued that of all the areas that came under Mongol rule , Russia was most affected. Which if the following would support this historical interpretation?
   

AMongol migrants settled in Russia and established themselves as an aristocracy

BMongol herdsmen converted farmland into pastures, permanently destroying soil fertility

CRussian peasant s converted to Islam in great numbers and married mongol soldiers

DRussian adopted the diplomatic rituals, court practices and military draft of the Mongols

1. Which of the following policies of Mongol rulers facilitated the exchange of ideas and techniques throughout Eurasia in the 13th and 14th centuries?
   

AThe forcible transfer of skilled and educated people to distant parts of the empire

BThe use of siege warfare And cannons in their military conquests

CThe creations of an impera bureaucracy that excluded the local populations

DThe establishment of taxation system that significantly increased state revenues

1. Which of the following is an example of how Japan, Korea,and Vietnam combined elements of Chinese culture with local traditions in the pre modern period
   

AThe development of a writing system that combined Chinese characters with phonetic symbols

BThe merging of Shinto and Daoist views of humanity relationship to the natural world

CThe assimilation of Hindu and Buddhist reincarnations into the local pantheon of gods

DThe incorporation of the civil service examination system into the tribute system