A file that contains data which are written to it in case of an unexpected error or program shut-down is a: C. temporary file.
What is a temporary file?
A temporary file is also referred to as temp file or foo file and it can be defined as a type of file that's created to temporarily store (hold) information, either for transfer to a permanent file when complete or for a software program's intermediate use while it's being created or modified.
This ultimately implies that, a temporary file refers to a file that contains data which are written to it, in anticipation of an unexpected error or program shut-down.
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