Antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are problematic or impossible
to treat are becoming increasingly common and are causing a global health catastrophe.
Antibiotic resistance
is determined by several genes, many of which can transfer between bacteria.
New resistance mechanisms are regularly being described, and
new genes and vectors of transmission are identified on a regular basis.
This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of
the mechanisms by which bacteria are either intrinsically resistant or acquire
resistance to antibiotics, including the prevention of access to drug targets,
changes in the structure and defense of antibiotic targets and the direct
modification or inactivation of antibiotics
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