If men were angels, no government would be necessary. if angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. in framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. —james madison, federalist paper 51 which concept is james madison discussing?

Achecks and balances

Bfederalism

Cindividual rights

Dstrict interpretation