Answer:
C. the establishment of an independent state
Explanation:
The history of the Jewish people, who spent two thousand years without a fixed territory, began to change in the late 19th century, when thousands of Jews began to return to the ancient kingdom of Israel (then Palestinian territory) in a movement known as Zionism.
Israel was officialized and recognized as a country in 1948. Today, the state of Israel is one of the most powerful, economically and militarily, in the world.
