Germany- home of Gutenberg and Luther. Gutenberg (1400-1468) invented printing and Luther was the promoter of the Reform of the Catholic Church and the subsequent emergence of Protestantism.
Ottoman Empire- controlled Constantinople and blocked overland routes to Asia. Constantinople - Istanbul was its capital and both the city and the empire were located in strategic positions to control routes towards Asia (except by sea).
Italy: monopolized trade Asia and became wealthy as a result. It was the origin of an important wealth for the country.
The other matches are incorrect. Alternatively, the correct combinations are the following:
Spain - financed Christopher Columbus voyage to sail west to Asia. The Catholic Monarchs did it and the trip arrived to American soild, instead of to Asia, in 1942.
Portugal - supported early technology advances and voyages around Africa. They were expert sailors and controlled the trade routes that went around Africa and towards Asia.
