1- Correct answer is A. This hostility originated due to the belief that new Irish and German inmmigrants were not only taking jobs from those considered to be "American Natives", but also that their culture and belief systems would erode and threaten american values like liberty, republicanism and the protestant faith.
2-Correct answer is A. Laissez-faire capitalism is centered around the belief that an economy grows more efficiently if the government has minimum or no interference in economic regulation. This period also coincided with the inmigration waves from European nations, which benefited factory owners due to the availability of cheap labor.