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An unintended side effect that benefits or harms a third party not involved in the activity is:

Aa condition of oligopoly.
Ca problem caused by inadequate competition.
Ban externality.
Dprice discrimination.

Verified Answer :

The answer is : b. An externality

The example of an Externality is air pollution from Car emission

The air pollution is not technically covered and intended by the car manufacturing company , but it harm a third party ( civilians) who do not involved in the car production